Equivariant operads, string topology, and Tate cohomology (Q2464027)

\textit{M. Chas} and \textit{D. Sullivan} [String topology; \url{http://arXiv.org/abs/math.GT/9911159}] showed that there is a natural Lie algebra structure of degree \(2-d\) on the string homology \(H_*^{S^1}(LM)\), where \(LM=Map(S^1,M)\) is the free loop space of a closed \(d\)-manifold \(M\). Furthermore, they defined a family of \(k\)-ary operations \(\overline m_k\colon H_*^{S^1}(LM)^{\otimes k} \to H_*^{S^1}(LM)\). To define the Lie algebra structure on the string homology, Chas and Sullivan first constructed a Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra structure on the loop homology \(H_*(LM)\) of \(M\). \textit{R. L. Cohen} and \textit{J. D. S. Jones} [Math. Ann. 324, No. 4, 773--798 (2002; Zbl 1025.55005)] showed that the Chas-Sullivan operations on \(H_*(LM)\) are governed by an operad -- the cactus operad, or equivalently, the two-dimensional framed little disk operad. They described a homotopy theoretic realization of the Chas-Sullivan loop product in terms of a ring spectrum structure on a certain Thom spectrum. Then they showed that the cactus operad action on the homology of the loop space has a homotopy theoretic realization on the level of Thom stectra. In the paper under review, the author shows similar facts on the string homology. It is shown that Getzler's gravity operad governs the Chas-Sullivan string bracket. To do so the author first describes methods to construct new operads from a given operad with an action of a group \(G\) by using the homotopy fixed point and orbit spectra. These new operads are shown to be equivalent when the generalized \(G\)-Tate cohomology of the operad is trivial. Then, applying these methods to the cactus operad, variations on the gravity operad are given. This implies that the string homology with the degree shift by \(d\) is an algebra over the gravity operad. The gravity operad \(Grav\) is an operad in the category of graded groups given by \(Grav(k)=\Sigma H_*(\mathcal M_{0,k+1})\) using the moduli spaces of points in \(\mathbb CP^1\). Getzler defined an infinite family of degree 1 operations corresponding to the generators of \(H_0(\mathcal M_{0,k+1})=\mathbb Z\): \(\{a_1,\dots,a_k\} \in Grav(k)\) \((k\geq2)\). The author also shows that these operations encode the Chas-Sullivan operation as \(\overline m_k(a_1\otimes \dots \otimes a_k)=\{a_1,\dots,a_k\}\) for \(a_i \in H_*(LM_{hS^1})\), where \(LM_{hS^1}=(ES^1_{+}\wedge LM)/S^1\).