A characterization of the group congruences on a semigroup (Q1206780)

Kernels of group congruences on arbitrary semigroups are characterized as full, dense, reflexive and unitary subsemigroups, yielding a new description of the group congruences on an arbitrary semigroup. In particular, the author describes the least group congruences on unitary dense \(E\)-semigroups, on regular semigroups and on strongly \(\langle E\rangle\)-unitary dense monoids, in the first two cases obtaining new proofs of results of \textit{J. Almeida}, \textit{J.-E. Pin} and \textit{P. Weil} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 111, 241-253 (1992; Zbl 0751.20042)] and \textit{R. Feigenbaum} [Doct. Diss. Univ. South Carolina, Kernels of Regular Semigroup Homomorphisms (1975)], respectively, and, in the last case, completing a partial description obtained by \textit{J. Fountain} [\(\langle E\rangle\)-dense monoids, Proc. Monash. Conf. Semigroup Theory, World Scientific (1991)].