Monotone pseudobase assignments and Lindelöf \(\Sigma\)-property (Q2630460)

Let \(\langle X, \tau \rangle\) be a topological space. Given \(A \subseteq X\), let \(\tau(A,X) = \{U \in \tau:A \subseteq U\}\). A \textit{compact cover} of \(X\) is a cover \(\mathcal{C}\) of \(X\) (meaning that \(\bigcup \mathcal{C} = X\)) such that all of its elements are compact subsets of \(X\). A family \(\mathcal{F}\) of subsets of \(X\) is a \textit{network with respect to a cover \(\mathcal{C}\)} if for any \(C \in \mathcal{C}\) and \(U \in \tau(C,X)\) there is some \(F \in \mathcal{F}\) such that \(C \subseteq F \subseteq U\). If \(\mathcal{C} = \{\{x\}: x \in X\}\) then a network with respect to \(\mathcal{C}\) is said to be a \textit{network of \(X\)}. The network weight \(nw(X)\) of a space \(X\) is the minimal cardinality of a network of \(X\). For an infinite cardinal \(\kappa\), a space \(X\) is said to be \textit{\(\kappa\)-monolithic} if \(nw(\overline{A}) \leqslant \kappa\) for every \(A \subseteq X\) with \(|A| \leqslant \kappa\), and it is said to be \textit{monolithic}\, if it is \(\kappa\)-monolithic for every infinite cardinal \(\kappa\). A topological space \(X\) is said to be a \textit{Lindelöf\,\,\,\(\Sigma\) space} if there is a countable family \(\mathcal{F}\) of subsets of \(X\) such that \(\mathcal{F}\) is a network with respect to some compact cover \(\mathcal{C}\) of \(X\). Given a space \(X\) and \(\mathcal{N}\)\, a family of subsets of \(X\), we way that \(\mathcal{N}\)\, is a \textit{pseudo-network} (\textit{pseudo-base}) \textit{at a point \(x\)} if (all elements of \(\mathcal{N}\) are open sets and) there is \(\mathcal{N}' \subseteq \mathcal{N}\) such that \(\bigcap \mathcal{N}' = \{x\}\). A family \(\mathcal{N}\) is a pseudo-network (pseudo-base) of \(X\) if it is a pseudo-network (pseudo-base) at every point of \(X\). \(\mathcal{N}\) is an \textit{external pseudo-network} (\textit{pseudo-base}) for a set \(Y \subseteq X\) if (all elements of \(\mathcal{N}\) are open sets and) \(\mathcal{N}\)\, is a pseudo-network (pseudo-base) at every point of \(Y\). Let \(\kappa\) be an infinite cardinal, \(X\) and \(Y\) be sets, \(\mathcal{A}\) be a family of subsets of \(X\), \(\mathcal{B}\) be a family of subsets of \(Y\) and \(\varphi: \mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{B}\) be a map. \(\varphi\) will be said to be \textit{\(\kappa\)-monotone} if \((i)\) \(|\varphi(A)| \leqslant |A|\cdot \aleph_0\) whenever \(A \in \mathcal{A}\) and \(|A| \leqslant \kappa\); \((ii)\) if \(A, B \in \mathcal{A}\) and \(A \subseteq B\) then \(\varphi(A) \subseteq \varphi(B)\); and \((iii)\) if \(\lambda \leqslant \kappa\) is a cardinal, \(\{A_\alpha: \alpha < \lambda\}\) is a family such that \(A_\alpha \subseteq A_\beta\) whenever \(\alpha < \beta\) and \(A = \bigcup\limits_{\alpha < \lambda} A_\alpha \in \mathcal{A}\), then \(\varphi(A) = \bigcup\limits_{\alpha < \lambda} \varphi(A_\alpha)\). Given an infinite cardinal \(\kappa\), a space \(X\) has a \textit{\(\kappa\)-monotone pseudo-network} (\textit{pseudo-base}) \textit{assignment} if for any set \(A \subseteq X\) with \(|A| \leqslant \kappa\) there is a family \(\mathcal{N}(A)\) of closed (open) subsets of \(X\) such that \(\mathcal{N}(A)\) is a pseudo-network (pseudo-base) for the set \(\overline{A}\) and the assignment \(A \mapsto \mathcal{N}(A)\) is \(\kappa\)-monotone. \(X\) is said to have a monotone pseudo-network (pseudo-base) assignment if it has a \(\kappa\)-monotone pseudo-network (pseudo-base) assignment for every infinite cardinal \(\kappa\). In the paper under review, the author introduces the class of topological spaces with a \(\kappa\)-monotone pseudo-network (pseudo-base) assignment and proves several results on such spaces; monotonical versions of monolithicity (introduced by the author himself in [Topology Appl. 156, No. 4, 840--846 (2009; Zbl 1165.54009)]) are also investigated. Typical results of the paper are: \noindent \((i)\) The class of spaces with a \(\kappa\)-monotone pseudo-network assignment is preserved by \(\sigma\)-products. \noindent \((ii)\) A countably compact space \(X\) with an \(\aleph_0\)-monotone pseudo-base assignment is compact and metrizable. \noindent \((iii)\) A countably compact space \(X\) with an \(\aleph_0\)-monotone pseudo-network assignment is monotonically monolithic and Corson compact. \noindent \((iv)\) In Lindelöf \(\Sigma\)-spaces, having a \(\kappa\)-monotone pseudo-network assignment is equivalent to being monotonically \(\kappa\)-monolithic. The author also applies the above results in \(C_p\)-theory and shows that if \(C_p(C_p(X))\) is a Lindelöf \(\Sigma\)-space with countable spread then \(X\) has a countable network. Recall that, as usual, \(C_p(X)\) is the set of all real-valued continuous functions on \(X\) endowed with the pointwise convergence topology. The paper finishes with a large number of open problems.