\(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves of degree 5 and Jacobian surfaces of \(GL_2\)-type (Q1283493)

An elliptic curve \(E\) defined over a number field \(K\) is called a \(\mathbb{Q} \)-curve if for each \(\sigma\in\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\) there exists an isogeny \(\mu_{\sigma}:E\rightarrow ^{\sigma}E\) defined over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\). This name was given by \textit{B. Gross} [Arithmetic on elliptic curves with complex multiplication, Lect. Notes Math. 776, Springer-Verlag (1980; 433.14032)], although the notion was actually introduced by \textit{G. Shimura} [Introduction to the arithmetic theory of automorphic functions, Publ. Math. Soc. Japan 11 (1971; Zbl 0872.11023)]. In the case where \(K\) is a quadratic field and \(E\) has no complex multiplication, the degree of a \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curve \(E\) is the minimal degree of isogenies \(\mu_{\sigma}:E\rightarrow ^{\sigma}E\), where \(\sigma\) is a generator of \(\text{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})\). The curve \(E \)is called minimal, if \(\mu_{\sigma}\) is defined over \(K\). In this paper the author constructs a parametric family \(\{E^{(\pm)}(s,t,u)\}\) of minimal \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves of degree \(5\) defined over the quadratic fields \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{s^{2}+st-t^{2}})\) and the family \(\{C(s,t,u)\}\) of genus \(2\) curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\) covering \(E^{(+)}(s,t,u)\) whose Jacobian varieties are abelian surfaces \(A\) of \(\text{GL}_{2}\)-type, i.e., \(\text{End} _{\mathbb{Q}}(A)\) is isomorphic to a number field of degree \(\dim A\). In a previous paper [\textit{Y. Hasegawa, K. Hashimoto} and \textit{F. Momose}, Modularity conjecture for \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves and \(\mathbb{Q}M\)-curves, Int. J. Math. 10, No. 8, 1011-1036 (1999)] the author et al. studied the modularity of some abelian varieties of \(\text{GL}_{2}\)-type. The paper under review, together with \textit{Y. Hasegawa} [Manuscr. Math. 94, 347-364 (1997; Zbl 0909.11017)] and \textit{K. Hashimoto} [A remark on elliptic \(K\)-curve, to appear], is a continuation of this study. He also discusses the modularity of these abelian surfaces and the sign change between \(E^{(+)}(s,t,u)\) and its twist \(E^{(-)}(s,t,u)\), which correspond by modularity to cusp forms of trivial and non-trivial Nebentype characters, respectively.