A class of homogeneous left invariant operators on the nilpotent Lie group \(G^{d+2}\) (Q1312913)

The authors consider a class of second order operators of the form \[ L_ \lambda = -\sum^ d_{j = 1} X^ 2_ j - i \sum^ 2_{m = 1} \lambda_ m T_ m,\quad\lambda = (\lambda_ 1,\lambda_ 2) \] where \(\{X_ 1,\dots,X_ d,T_ 1,T_ 2\}\) is a base of left invariant vector fields associated to the Lie group \(G^{d+2}\) whose underlying manifold is \(\mathbb{R}^{d+2}\), and \(\lambda_ 1\), \(\lambda_ 2\) are complex numbers. The authors first characterize the parameters \(\lambda\) for which the operator \(L_ \lambda\) satisfies a subelliptic estimate. Next, they study invertibility. For related results on the class of operators acting on the Lie group \(G^{m+n}\), see the authors [Acta Math. Sin., New Ser. 9, No. 2, 184-194 (1993; Zbl 0783.58075)].