Conditional stability for piecewise continuous solutions of differential equations (Q1355063)

Let the \(n\times n\) matrix \(A(t)\) be continuous and \(h(t)\) and \(k(t)\) be two scalar continuous and positive functions on \(I=[a,\infty)\). We say that the linear system \[ x'= A(t)x\tag{1} \] has an \((h,k)\) dichotomy if and only if there exist a fundamental matrix \(\Phi(t)\) of (1), a projection \(P\) and a constant \(c>0\) such that \[ |\Phi(t) P\Phi^{-1}(s)|\leq c{h(t)\over h(s)},\quad (t\geq s\geq a), \] \[ |\Phi(t)(I- P)\Phi^{-1}(s)|\leq c{k(s)\over k(t)},\quad (s\geq t\geq a). \] Consider the impulsive differential system on \(I\), \[ \begin{aligned} y' & = A(t)y+ b(t)+ f(t,y),\quad t\neq t_i,\\ \Delta y(t_i) & = g(t_i,y(t_i)),\quad y(t_i)= y(t^-_i),\quad t=t_i\tag{2}\end{aligned} \] with fixed impulse times \(\{t_i\}^\infty_{i=1}\), \(t_i< t_{i+1}\), \(\lim_{i\to\infty} t_i=\infty\) and \(\Delta y(t_i)= y(t^+_i)- y(t_i)\). As usual \(y(t^+_i)\) (resp. \(y(t^-_i)\)) denotes the lateral right (resp. left) limit of \(y(t)\) as \(t\to t_i\). Denote \(h_+= h\) and \(h_-={1\over k}\) and define \(V_\pm=\{x|x:I\to\mathbb{R}^n\), \({x(t)\over h_\pm(t)}\) bounded on \(I\}\). If (1) has an \((h,k)\) dichotomy and \(b(t)\) is a continuous vector function on \(I\), then the author gives sufficient conditions concerning only \(h\), \(k\), \(f\) and \(g\) which guarantee the existence of a one-to-one continuous correspondence between the solutions \(x_\pm\) of the system \(x'= A(t)x+ b(t)\) belonging to \(V_\pm\) and the solutions \(y_\pm\) of (2) belonging to \(V_\pm\). Moreover, if \(\lim_{t\to\infty} {1\over h(t)} \Phi(t)P= 0\) then we have the following formulae \[ y_\pm= x_\pm+h\cdot o(1)\quad\text{as }t\to\infty. \] Several applications to asymptotic integration theory are done, establishing some results of Levinson type [see e.g. \textit{N. Levinson}, Duke Math. J. 15, 111-126 (1948; Zbl 0040.19402)].