Echo waves and coexisting phenomena in coupled Brusselators. (Q1401011)

The differential system \[ {dx_1\over dt}= A-(1+ B)x_1+ x^2_1 x_2\equiv F_1(x_1, x_2),\;{dx_2\over dt}= Bx_1- x^2_1 x_2\equiv F_2(x_1, x_2) \] represents the famous Brusselator due to Nicolis and Prigogine. Consider the coupled Brusselators \[ {dx\over dt}= F(x)+ D(x- y),\quad {dy\over dt}= F(y)+ D(y- x),\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(F= (f_1,F_2)^T\), \(x\in (x_1,x_2)^T\), \(D\) is the coupling matrix. A solution \(x_1(t)= x_2(t)= \varphi(t)\), \(y_1(t)= y_2(t)= \psi(t)\) of \((*)\) is called an in-phase wave if \(\varphi\) and \(\psi\) are periodic with the same period. If \(x_1(t)= \varphi(t)\), \(y_1(t)= \psi(b)\), \(x_2(t)= \varphi(t-\alpha)\), \(y_2(t)= \psi(t-\alpha)\) is a periodic solution of \((*)\) with \(\alpha> 0\), then this solution is called an echo wave. The authors prove the coexistence of an in-phase wave and of an echo wave and the coexistence of the stable steady state of \((*)\) and the echo wave.