Algebraic Birkhoff conjecture for billiards on sphere and hyperbolic plane (Q2400275)

This note is devoted to Birkhoff billiards inside a convex domain \(\Omega \) lying on a surface \(\Sigma \) of constant curvature \(\pm 1\), i.e., a standard sphere or a hyperbolic plane. This type of billiard is a particular case of Riemannian billiards since the point moves along geodesics inside \(\Omega \) and hitting the boundary reflects according the law of geometric optics. The main result is Theorem 1.3. Assume that the Birkhoff billiard in \(\Omega \) admits a polynomial integral of even degree \(n\). Then there exists a homogeneous polynomial \(\Psi \) of degree \(n\) vanishing on the curve \(\Gamma \), the dual curve of the boundary \(\gamma \), which satisfies the following identity. For any point \(M\in \Gamma \) and non-zero tangent vector \(w\in T_M\Gamma \) one has: \(\Psi (M-\varepsilon w)=\Psi (M+\varepsilon w)\) for sufficiently small \(\varepsilon \). The geometric meaning of this result can be expressed by saying that the dual object to a Birkhoff billiard on constant curvature surface is the outer billiard, a result previously known only for the sphere.