Permanence of predator-prey system with periodic coefficients (Q815302)

The author studies the permanence of the ODE system \[ \dot{x}=x\left(a(t)-b(t)x-\frac{c(t)y}{p(t)+x}\right), \;\dot{y}=y\left(-d(t)+\frac{e(t)x}{p(t)+x}-f(t)y\right) \] with periodic coefficients. This is a predator-prey system with Holling-type-II functional response. Here, \(a(t), b(t), c(t), d(t), e(t), f(t)\), and \(p(t)\) all are continuous periodic functions with a common period \(\omega>0\), \(b(t),e(t),f(t)\geq 0\), and \(c(t),p(t)>0\) for \(t\geq 0\). For any \(\omega\)-periodic function \(u(t)\), define \(A_{\omega}(u(t))=\omega^{-1}\int_0^{\omega}u(t)dt\). The author shows that under the condition \(A_{\omega}(a(t))>0\), \(A_{\omega}(b(t))>0\), and \(A_{\omega}(f(t))>0\), the system is permanent if and only if \(A_{\omega}\left(-d(t)+\frac{e(t)x^*(t)}{p(t)+x^*(t)}\right)>0\), where \(x^*(t)\) is the unique nonnegative periodic solution of the equation \(\dot{x}=x[a(t)-b(t)x]\).