The infinitesimal and generalized Hodge conjecture for some families of sextic threefolds (Q1914843)

There are numerous examples of Fano varieties for which the generalized Hodge conjecture (as corrected by Grothendieck) is known, e.g. all Fano threefolds. \textit{F. Bardelli} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 422, 165-200 (1991; Zbl 0728.14007)] constructed a family \({\mathcal X}\) of threefolds with trivial canonical bundle such that the generalized Hodge conjecture (GHC) holds for a very general fiber \(X_t\) (i.e., \(t\) belongs to the complement of a countable union of proper analytic subvarieties of the base). The author obtains examples of projective varieties of general type for which the GHC is true. He studies families of sextic hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^4\), obtained as deformations of the Fermat sextic that admit an action of the group of cubic roots of unity. Since the geometry of such a family is closely related to the geometry of a family of sextic double solids, a first proof of the GHC for the very general fiber \(X_t\) is obtained. A more direct proof of the GHC is obtained by constructing a moving family of plane elliptic curve \({\mathcal E}_t\) over \(X_t\) that degenerate to triples of lines on the Fermat sextic. Using the description of the infinitesimal Abel-Jacobi map on the Fermat sextic by means of a product in cohomology introduced by \textit{Z. Ran} [Compos. Math. 42, 121-142 (1980; Zbl 0463.14003)] and \textit{T. Shioda} [Math. Ann. 245, 175-184 (1979; Zbl 0403.14007)] it is shown that the maximal sub Hodge structure of level one inside \(H^3(X_t)\) (i.e., contained in \(H^{2,1}(X_t) \oplus H^{1,2} (X_t))\) is covered by the family of elliptic curves \({\mathcal E}_t\) for very general \(t\). The author also extends the formulation of the generalized infinitesimal Hodge conjecture, studied by \textit{A. Albano} and \textit{S. Katz} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 324, No. 1, 353-368 (1991; Zbl 0767.14016)] for quintic threefolds, to the case of varieties of general type; he proves it for the maximal sub Hodge structure of level one in \(H^3(X_t)\), \(t\) very general, and for certain sub Hodge structures of the Fermat sextic.