Characterizing \(s\)-paratopological groups by free paratopological groups (Q2405081)

In [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 149, 187--198 (1970; Zbl 0229.54028)], \textit{N. Noble} defined an important class of topological groups, namely, the class of \(s\)-groups. A Hausdorff topological group \(G\) is called an \textit{\(s\)-group} if every sequentially continuous homomorphism \(p\) from \(G\) to a topological group \(H\) is continuous (recall that \(p\) is \textit{sequentially continuous} if \(p(g_n) \to p(g)\) whenever a sequence \(\{ g_n\}_{n\in\omega}\) converges to g in \(G\)). The following characterization of \(s\)-topological groups was obtained by \textit{S. S. Gabriyelyan} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, No. 5, 786--802 (2013; Zbl 1267.22002)]. Theorem 1. Let \((G,\tau)\) be a non-discrete Hausdorff topological group. The following assertions are equivalent: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(G\) is an \(s\)-group; \item[(ii)] \(G\) is a quotient of a Graev free topological group over a metrizable space; \item[(iii)] \(G\) is a quotient of a Graev free topological group over a Fréchet-Urysohn Tychonoff space; \item[(iv)] \(G\) is a quotient of a Graev free topological group over a sequential Tychonoff space. \end{itemize}} Analogously one can define \(s\)-paratopological groups: A paratopological group \(G\) is called an \textit{\(s\)-paratopological group} if every sequentially continuous homomorphism \(p\) from \(G\) to a paratopological group \(H\) is continuous. The authors obtain an analogous characterization of \(s\)-paratopological groups: Theorem 2. For a non-discrete \(T_1\) paratopological group \((G,\tau)\) the following assertions are equivalent: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(G\) is an \(s\)-paratopological group; \item[(ii)] \(G\) is topologically isomorphic to a quotient group of a free paratopological group on a metrizable space; \item[(iii)] \(G\) is topologically isomorphic to a quotient group of a free paratopological group on a \(T_1\) Fréchet-Urysohn space; \item[(iv)] \(G\) is topologically isomorphic to a quotient group of a free paratopological group on a \(T_1\) sequential space. \end{itemize}} Theorem 2 is the main result of the paper and has a proof similar to the proof of Theorem 1.