Real structures on minimal ruled surfaces (Q1405757)

Let \(X\) be a smooth compact complex surface. A real structure on \(X\) is an antiholomorphic involution \(c_X:X \to X\). Its fixed point set \(\mathbb RX\) is called the real part of \(X\). The paper under review provides a complete description of the deformation classes of real structures on minimal ruled non-rational surfaces. The rational case has been recently studied by \textit{A. Degtyarev} and \textit{V. Kharlamov} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 551, 87--99 (2002; Zbl 1003.14010)]. Let \(p:X \to B\) be the ruling of \(X\) over a smooth compact complex irreducible curve \(B\) of genus \(g > 0\). Any real structure \(c_X\) of \(X\) satisfies \(c_B \circ p = p \circ c_X\), where \(c_B\) is a real structure on \(B\). The topological type of \((X,c_X)\) is by definition the quintuple \((t,k,g,\mu,\epsilon)\), where \(t\) is the number of tori of \(\mathbb RX\), \(k\) is the number of Klein bottles of \(\mathbb RX\), \(\mu\) is the number of connected components of \(\mathbb RB\), and \(\epsilon = 0\) or \(1\) according to whether \(B\) is dividing or not. A quintuple \((t,k,g,\mu,\epsilon)\) is called allowable if \(t, k \geq 0\), \(t+k \leq \mu\), and the triplet \((g,\mu,\epsilon)\) defines the topological type of a real structure on a smooth compact complex irreducible curve. The author shows that a quintuple \((t,k,g,\mu,\epsilon)\) can be realized as the topological type of a real structure on a minimal non-rational ruled surface if and only if it is allowable. Moreover, two minimal non-rational ruled surfaces are in the same deformation class if and only if they have the same topological type \((t,k,g,\mu,\epsilon)\), except when \(\mu=0\). For the topological type \((0,0,g,0,0)\) there are two distinct deformation classes of \((X,c_X)\) having non-homeomorphic quotient \(X/c_X\).