Un élément de Stickelberger quadratique. (A quadratic Stickelberger element) (Q2639906)

For \(\ell \geq 7\) a prime, let \(\zeta_{\ell}\) be a primitive \(\ell\)-th root of unity and let \(\Delta\) be the Galois group over \({\mathbb{Q}}\) of \({\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_{\ell})\). The Stickelberger element of \({\mathbb{Q}}[\Delta]\) is defined by \(\theta =(1/\ell)\sum^{\ell -1}_{t=1}t\sigma_ t^{- 1}\) where \(\sigma_ t\) is defined by \(\sigma_ t(\zeta_{\ell})=\zeta^ t_{\ell}\). Stickelberger's theorem states that \(\ell \theta\) annihilates the class group \({\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_{\ell})\); the proof depends on Gauss sums, defined as follows. Let p be prime and \(p\equiv 1(mod \ell)\). Let \(\Psi\) be an additive character of \({\mathbb{F}}_ p\). To every character \(\chi\) of order \(\ell\) of the Galois group of \({\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_{\ell},\zeta_ p)/{\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta_{\ell})(={\mathbb{F}}_ p)\), one associates the Gauss sum \(\tau (\chi)=\sum_{a\in {\mathbb{F}}^*_ p}\chi (a)\Psi (a)\). The authors describe the factorization of Gauss sums in products of prime ideals, in the case of non-complex multiplication. The major results are summarized in two theorems. Theorem 1. Every prime ideal \({\mathfrak p}\) of \({\mathcal S}(E,P)\) possesses a prime ``relèvement'' \({\mathfrak P}\) in N such that \[ \tau_ K^{\ell}(P,Q){\mathcal D}^{\ell}_{E/K}\quad \sim \quad (\prod_{{\mathfrak p}\in {\mathcal S}(E,P)}{\mathfrak P}^{r_{{\mathfrak p}}})^{4\ell \theta_ k}, \] where \((-r_{{\mathfrak p}})\) denotes the \({\mathfrak p}\)-adic valuation of the j(E)- invariant. ((E,P) is an elliptic curve over K, with P a rational point of order \(\ell\) over K. \({\mathcal D}_{E/K}\) is the minimal discriminant of (E/K) and \({\mathcal S}(E,P)\) stands for the set of prime divisors of \({\mathcal D}_{E/K}.)\) Theorem 2. If every prime divisor of \({\mathcal D}_{E/K}\), not dividing \(2\ell\), belongs to \({\mathcal S}(E,P)\), then \[ (\prod^{(\ell - 1)/2}_{t=1}\tau (P,tQ))\quad \sim \quad {\mathcal D}_{E/K}^{\ell (\ell -1)/2}. \]