\(Q\) spaces and Morrey spaces (Q1405095)

If \(f\) is a Lebesgue measurable function on the real line \(R\) and \[ \int_R{\bigl|f(z)\bigr|dx\over 1+x^2} <\infty, \] then \(f\) can be extended to a harmonic function in the upper half plane \(U\) by \[ f(x)={1\over \pi} \int_R{y\over (x-u)^2+y^2} f(u)du, \] where \(z=xiy\). For \(-1<p <\infty\) the \(Q_p\) space of \(R\) consists of measurable functions \(f\) in \(R\) such that \[ \int_R {\bigl|f(x)\bigr |^2d x\over 1+x^2}<\infty \] and \[ \|f \|_p= \sup_{w\in U}\left[ \int_U{(yv)^p\over |z-\overline w|^{2p}} \bigl|\nabla f(z)\bigr |^2 dxdy \right]^{1\over 2}< \infty, \] where \(z=x+iy\) and \(w=u+iv\). For any real \(\lambda\) the Morrey space \(L^{2,\lambda}\) consists of Lebesgue measurable functions \(f\) in \(R\) such that \[ \sup_I\inf_c {1 \over |I|^\lambda} \int_I|f-c|^2 dx <\infty, \] where \(I\) runs over all bounded intervals in \(R\) and \(c\) runs over all real numbers. The paper under review gives a Carleson measure type characterization of Morrey spaces and shows that each \(Q_p\) space is a certain fractional differentiation of some Morrey space. As a consequence, it is shown that each \(Q_p\) is a dual space, and the predual of \(Q_p\) is also identified.