Involutions of Higgs moduli spaces over elliptic curves and pseudo-real Higgs bundles (Q2422433)

For \(G\) a connected complex reductive affine algebraic group, let \({{\sigma }_{+}}\) and \({{\sigma }_{-}}\) respectively be the Cartan (holomorphic) involution and the associated real form (anti-holomorphic) involution of the group \(G\). These are related through the composition by the compact real form involution \({{\sigma }_{K}}\) satisfying \({{\sigma }_{+}}={{\sigma }_{-}}{{\sigma }_{K}}\). Let \(T\subset G\) be a Cartan subgroup of \(G\) preserved by \({{\sigma }_{+}},{{\sigma }_{-}},{{\sigma }_{K}}\) and let \({{\Lambda }_{T}}:=\text{Hom}\left( {{\mathbb{C}}^{*}},T \right)\) be the corresponding cocharacter lattice. Lastly, consider also \({{\alpha }_{+}}\) (resp. \({{\alpha }_{-}}\)) a holomorphic (resp. an anti-holomorphic) involution on a base Riemann surface \(X\). The aforementioned involutions naturally extend to define holomorphic or anti-holomorphic involutions on the moduli space \(\mathsf{\mathcal{M}}\left( G \right)\) of \(G\)-Higgs bundles over \(X\), and shall be simultaneously denoted as \[I\left( {{\alpha }_{\varepsilon }},{{\sigma }_{\varepsilon }},\pm \right):\mathsf{\mathcal{M}}\left( G \right)\to \mathsf{\mathcal{M}}\left( G \right).\] In the case when \(X\) is an elliptic curve, the authors classify the involutions \(I\left( {{\alpha }_{\varepsilon }},{{\sigma }_{\varepsilon }},\pm \right)\) on the reduced subscheme \(\mathsf{\mathcal{M}}{{\left( G \right)}_{\text{red}}}\subset \mathsf{\mathcal{M}}\left( G \right)\) and provide a description of their fixed loci as classes of \(\left( *,*,* \right)\)-branes in \(\mathsf{\mathcal{M}}\left( G \right)\) in the framework of Mirror Symmetry. The method for obtaining the classification is by associating to each involution \(I\left( {{\alpha }_{\varepsilon }},{{\sigma }_{\varepsilon }},\pm \right)\) another involution on the space \[{{T}^{*}}\hat{X}{{\otimes }_{\mathbb{Z}}}{{\Lambda }_{T}},\] where \({{T}^{*}}\hat{X}\) is the cotangent of the dual elliptic curve; this is achieved by considering the extensions of structure group associated to the injection \(T\hookrightarrow G\) and allows the authors to explicitly illustrate the original involution in terms of involutions on \(\hat{X}\) and the cocharacter lattice \({{\Lambda }_{T}}\). As an application, this illustration provides naturally a description of the image in the reduced locus of the moduli space of pseudo-real \(G\)-Higgs bundles over the elliptic curve \(X\) and fits into a larger program of study of Higgs bundle moduli over elliptic curves, initiated by E. Franco, O. García-Prada and P. E. Newstead. In view of the non-abelian Hodge correspondence, the results are providing an analogous description of the involutions on the moduli space of representations of the orbifold fundamental group over an elliptic curve into the group \(G\).