Wild \(\mathbb{Z} / p \mathbb{Z}\)-actions on algebraic surfaces (Q517073)

This is an important paper, written by one of leading specialists in affine algebraic geometry and invariant theory. In Section \textbf{one}, he begins with some remarks about liftability of \(G_a\)-actions as well as \(\alpha_p\) and \(\mu_p\)-actions for Artin-Schreier coverings. An \textit{Artin-Schreier covering} of the affine plane is a hypersurface in \(\mathbb{A}^3\) defined by an equation \(z^p - z = f(x,y)\). An \(\alpha_p\) (resp. \(\mu_p\))-\textit{action} on \(\mathrm{Spec} A\) is given by a \(k\)-derivation \(\delta\) on \(A\) such that \(\delta^p = 0\) (resp. \(\delta^p = \delta\)), which is called a \textit{derivation of additive type} (resp. of \textit{multiplicative type}). In Section \textbf{two}, the author considers free \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-actions on affine \(k\)-domains and discusses some relationships between \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-actions and the Makar-Limanov invariants. Modeling on hypersurfaces of Artin-Schreier type, the author considers a normal affine domain \(B\) with a \(G:= \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-action which is written in the form \(B = A[z], z^p-sz = a\) with \(s, a \in A\), where \(A = B^G\) is the \(G\)-invariant subring. In Section \textbf{three}, the author comes to a very classical subject. Namely, he consider \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-actions on the affine plane. He also proves a classification result of \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-actions on the affine plane \(\mathbb{A}^2 = \mathrm{Spec} k[x, y]\), which was first announced by S. Kuroda (namely, S. Kuroda announced that such a \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-action on \(\mathbb{A}^2\) is given by \(\sigma(x,y) = (x +a(y),y)\) with respect to a suitable system of coordinates, where \(a(y)\in k[y]\) and \(\sigma\) is a generator of \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\).) The author's proof is independent. In the case where there exists an \(\mathbb{A}^1\)-fibration on \(\mathbb{A}^2\) which is preserved by the \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-action, the action is completely clarified and the problem is reduced to a problem of determining a polynomial which satisfies a numerical condition. The last case corresponds to the case where the \(\sigma\)-action is an automorphism of de Jonquiére type. In Section \textbf{four}, the author also considers a covering \(z^p - z = f(x, y)\) of the affine plane \(\mathbb{A} = \mathrm{Spec} k[x, y]\), where \(f(x, y) = 0\) is the defining equation of a curve isomorphic to the affine line which is called an exotic line. In Section \textbf{five}, he discusses the fixed points of \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-actions on projective surfaces. He also consider a normal affine variety \(Y = \mathrm{Spec} B\) with a \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\)-action such that \(B = A[z], z^p - sz = a\) with \(s, a\in A = B^G\). Such an affine variety \(Y\) is said to be of \textit{quasi-Artin-Schreier type}.