Competitive-exclusion versus competitive-coexistence for systems in the plane (Q862129)

Let us consider a map \(T\) on a set \({\mathcal R}\subset\mathbb{R}^2\). The South-East partial ordering is considered on the \(\mathbb{R}^2\), defined by \((x_1, y_1)\preceq (x_2,y_2)\Leftrightarrow x_1\leq x_2\) and \(y_1\geq y_2\). Then the map \(T\) is monotone if \((x_1, y_1)\preceq (x_2, y_2)\) implies \(T(x_1, y_1)\preceq T(x_2, y_2)\). Throughout this paper, the properties of monotone maps are studied. If \(T= (T_1, T_2)\) be a map on a set \({\mathcal R}\subset\mathbb{R}^2\), the curves \(C_1= \{(x, y)\in{\mathcal R}: T_1(x, y)= x\}\), \(C_2= \{(x, y)\in{\mathcal R}: T_2(x,y)= y\}\) divide the set \({\mathcal R}\) on the four ``curvilinear quadrants'' and if \(\overline e= (\overline x,\overline y)\) is a fixed point for \(T\) \((\overline e\in C_1\cap C_2)\) then the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Jacobian \(J_T(\overline e)\) have properties that are fundamental for the theory developed in this paper. The following result is typical: Let \(T\) be a monotone map on a closed and bounded rectangular region \({\mathcal R}\subset\mathbb{R}^2\). Suppose that \(T\) has a unique fixed point \(\overline e\) in \({\mathcal R}\). Then \(\overline e\) is a global attractor of \(T\) on \({\mathcal R}\).