Interval oscillation criteria for second-order nonlinear perturbed differential equations (Q1767792)

The authors study the second-order nonlinear differential equation \[ (r(t)y'(t))'+p(t)y'(t)+Q(t,y(t))=P(t,y(t),y'(t)) \] on the half-line \(I=[t_0,\infty)\), where \(p\) is a continuous function, \(r\) is a positive function a.e. on \(I\), \(\frac 1r\) is locally integrable on \(I\) and the functions \(Q\) and \(P\) satisfy for \(y\neq 0\) \[ Q(t,y)\geq q(t)f_1(y)\quad\text{and}\quad P(t,y,y')\leq h(t)f_2(y)g(y'), \] where \(q\) is a locally integrable function, \(h\) is a positive function, \(g\) is a positive bounded function and \(f_1\), \(f_2\) are continuous functions satisfying the sign conditions \(yf_1(y)>0\) and \(yf_2(y)\geq 0\) for \(y\neq 0\). Based on the averaging technique, originally due to \textit{Ch. G. Philos} [Arch. Math. 53, 482--492 (1989; Zbl 0661.34030)], the authors derive new oscillation criteria for two different cases, namely for a smooth function \(f_1\) (under assumptions \(f_1'(y)\geq \mu>0\) and \(\frac{f_2(y)}{f_1(y)}\leq k\) for \(y\neq 0\) and some \(k>0\)) and nonsmooth \(f_1\) (under assumptions \(q(t)\geq 0\), \(\frac{f_1(y)}y\geq\mu_0>0\), \(\frac{f_2(y)}y\leq k_0\) for \(y\neq 0\) and constants \(\mu_0\), \(k_0\)). The results of the paper are applicable also to the extreme case \(\int^\infty q(s)\,\text{d}s=-\infty\).