On the socles of characteristically inert subgroups of abelian \(p\)-groups (Q2121251)

Recall that subgroups \(H\), \(K\) of a group \(G\) are said to be \textit{commensurable} if the intersection \(H\cap K\) has finite index simultaneously in \(H\) and in \(K\); this is conventionally denoted as \(H\sim K\) and this operation is known to be an equivalence relation. In this paper, an abelian \(p\)-group \(G\) is said to be \textit{characteristically inert socle-regular} (\textit{fully inert socleregular}) if, for all infinite characteristically inert subgroups (fully inert subgroups) \(H\) of \(G\), there exists an ordinal \(\alpha\), depending on \(H\), such that \(H[p]\sim p^{\alpha }G[p]\). Some of the results (this is just a personal selection) obtained, follow. Proposition 2.4. If \(G\) is a reduced \(p\)-group with the property that every characteristically inert subgroup is commensurable with a characteristic subgroup of \(G\), then if \(G\) is strongly socle-regular, it is also characteristically inert socle-regular. Theorem 3.4. Let \(D\) be a divisible group and \(C\) an infinite characteristically inert subgroup of \(D\). Then \(C\) is commensurable with \( D[p^{n}]\) for some \(n\geq 0\) and \(D\) is characteristically inert socle-regular. Proposition 3.5. If \(G=D\oplus A\), where \(D,A\) are non-zero with \(D\) divisible and \(A\) reduced, then for any unbounded characteristically inert subgroup \(C\) of \(G\), we have \(D\leq C\). Example 4.1. There is a group \(G\) with a characteristically inert subgroup which is not a fully inert subgroup. Theorem 4.4. If \(G\) is a reduced \(p\)-group with \(p\neq 2\), which is either totally projective or torsion-complete, then \(G\) is characteristically inert socle-regular. Corollary 4.5. If \(G\) is a torsion-complete group in which almost all non-zero Ulm invariants \(f_{G}(n)\), \(n<\omega \), are at least 2, then \(G\) is characteristically inert socle-regular. Theorem 4.6. A group \(G\) is fully inert socle-regular if and only if \(G\oplus G\) is characteristically inert socle-regular. The paper ends with a ``Concluding remarks'' section.