Deformations and smoothability of certain AS monomial curves (Q464811)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective algebraic curve over an algebraically closed field \(k\) and \(P\) a closed point. Riemann-Roch Theorem proves that \(H(P)=\{ n \in \mathbb{N} | h^0(X,(n-1)P) = h^0(X,nP)\}\) is a proper subset of the set \(\{ 1,2, \ldots, 2g-1\}\), \(g\) being the genus of \(X\). \(S(P):= \mathbb{N} \setminus H(P)\) is a numerical semigroup and it is the same for all but finitely many points \(P\) which are named Weierstrass points of \(X\). A semigroup \(S\) is called Weierstrass if there exist a curve \(X\) as above such that \(S=S(P)\) for some Weierstrass point of \(X\). It is known that, in characteristic zero, \(S\) is Weierstrass if and only if \(\mathrm{Spec}K[S]\) is smoothable. The goal of this paper is to prove that semigroups generated by arithmetic sequences of less than 6 elements are Weierstrass. Some particular cases were previously known and the authors complete them by giving explicit deformations with smooth fibres.