Hypercyclic operators on countably dimensional spaces (Q1941346)

The aim of this paper is to present several results on the existence of hypercyclic operators on countably infinite dimensional metrizable locally convex spaces. \textit{S. Grivaux} [Arch. Math. 81, No. 3, 291--299 (2003; Zbl 1056.47007)] proved that every countable dense linearly independent subset of a separable infinite dimensional Banach space \(X\) is the orbit of a hypercyclic continuous operator defined on \(X\), thus solving a problem stated by \textit{I. Halperin} et al. [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 31, 561--565 (1985; Zbl 0578.47001)]. Her proof relies on the fact that the invertible linear operators act transitively on the set of all countable dense linearly independent subset of \(X\). \textit{J. Bonet} et al. [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 37, No. 2, 254--264 (2005; Zbl 1150.47005)] exhibited a countable dense linearly independent subset of the Fréchet space \(\omega\) of all complex sequences that cannot be the orbit of a hypercyclic operator on \(\omega\) and proved that every countable product of copies of a separable, infinite dimensional Banach space contains two dense linearly independent sequences of vectors such that their linear spans are not isomorphic. Finally, \textit{A. A. Albanese} [Math. Scand. 109, No. 1, 147-160 (2011; Zbl 1248.47010)] showed that every countable dense linearly independent subset of a Fréchet space \(X\) with a continuous norm is the orbit of a hypercyclic operator on \(X\). She also obtained that the invertible linear operators act transitively on the set of all countable dense linearly independent subset of \(X\) if \(X\) is a Fréchet space with a continuous norm. The article under review presents several results related to the theorems mentioned above. The main result of Section 3 asserts that the invertible linear operators act transitively on the set of all countable dense linearly independent subsets of the Fréchet space \(\omega\). The full extension of Grivaux's result to Fréchet spaces is proved in Section 4. It asserts that a Fréchet space \(X\) has a continuous norm if and only if every countable dense linearly independent subset of a Fréchet space \(X\) with a continuous norm is the orbit of a hypercyclic operator on \(X\). The necessity is the result of Albanese mentioned above, although the proof given here is different. The proof of the sufficiency is interesting. Section 5 is dedicated to the proof that every countably dimensional metrizable locally convex space admits a hypercyclic vector; a remarkable result in view of the existence of countably dimensional locally convex spaces admitting no transitive (hence no hypercyclic) operator due to \textit{L. Frerick} et al. [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 37, No. 2, 254--264 (2005; Zbl 1150.47005)]. The article concludes with a list of open questions and remarks.