Green bundles, Lyapunov exponents and regularity along the supports of the minimizing measures (Q1947424)

Let \(M\) be a compact, connected, smooth manifold and let \(H: T^{*} M \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) be a \(C^2\) Tonelli Hamiltonian (i.e., fiberwise convex and superlinear). To such aHamiltonian, one associates a Lagrangian \(L:TM \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\), which is also convex and superlinear on fibers. In 1991, J. Mather proved the existence of invariant probabilities that minimizes the ``action functional'', \(\int_{TM} L d\mu\) defined on closed probabilities. The orbits contained in the support of a minimizing measure projects on curves on \(M\) which are time independent minimizers or global minimizers. In general, along the orbits corresponding to global minimizers one can construct the so-called Green bundles, \(G_{+}\) and \(G_{-}\), which are Lagrangian, transversal to the vertical bundle and invariant by the linearized Hamiltonian flow. Moreover, for ergodic minimizing measures, the dimension of the intersection \(G_{+}(x) \cap G_{-}(x)\) is constant \(\mu\)-almost everywhere. The author establishes a relationship between the central Green subspaces and the vanishing of Lyapunov exponents. More precisely the author proves the following equivalence: Theorem: If \(H: T^{*} M \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) be a \(C^2\) Tonelli Hamiltonian and \(\mu\) is an ergodic probability measure, then dim\((G_{-}(x) \cap G_{+}(x))=p\) at \(\mu\)-almost every point if and only if \(\mu\) has exactly \(2p\) zero Lyapunov exponents, \(n-p\) positive ones and \(n-p\) negative ones. The author applies this theorem for the case \(p=n\) to obtain a relationship between dynamical properties and some type regularity of the support of ergodic minimizing measures, which she calls \(C^1\)-regularity (This concept has to do with limit of tangent vectors (or vectors in contingent cones) being contained in a Lagrangian subspace). Theorem: Under the above hypothesis, if all Lyapunov exponents of an ergodic minimizing measure are zero then supp(\(\mu\)) is \(C^1\) regular \(\mu\)-almost everywhere.