Periodic solutions for a semi-ratio-dependent predator-prey system with Holling IV functional response (Q2380870)

The authors consider nonautonomous semi-ratio-dependent predator-prey systems \[ \dot x_1 = (r_1 (t)-a_{11}(t)x_1)x_1 - f(t,x_1)x_2, \quad \dot x_2= \left ( r_2 (t)-a_{21} (t)\frac{x_2}{x_1} \right ) x_2 \] with initial conditions \(x_i (0) >0\), \(i=1,2\) and where the nonmonotonic functional response \(f(t,x_1)\) is given by \(f(t,x_1) = \frac{a_{12}(t)x_1}{m^2 + nx_1 + x_1^2}\). Here, \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) denote the density of the prey and the predator, respectively, \(m \neq 0\), \(n \geq 0\) and \(r_i (t)\), \(a_{ij} (t)\), \(i,j= 1,2,\) are continuous, positive and \(\omega\)-periodic functions. First, by using a continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, the authors discuss the existence of positive \(\omega\)-periodic solutions of the previous system. Then, by constructing a Lyapunov function, they establish a sufficient condition for the uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of such positive periodic solution.