Littlewood-Paley characterizations of weighted anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces via averages on balls. II. (Q2190478)

Summary: This article is the second part of two works of the authors on the same topic; for Part~I, see [Z. Anal. Anwend. 38, No.~4, 397--418 (2019; Zbl 1446.46021)]. Let \(A_{\vec{a}}\) be the matrix diag \(\{2^{a_1},\dots,2^{a_n}\} \), with \(\vec{a}:=(a_1,\dots,a_n)\in(0,\infty)^n\), and let \(w\in\mathcal{A}_\infty(A_{\vec{a}})\) be a Muckenhoupt \(\mathcal{A}_\infty\)-weight with respect to \(A_{\vec{a}}\). In this article, the authors characterize the weighted anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin space \(F^\alpha_{p,q}(A_{\vec{a}};\,w)\) with smoothness order \(\alpha\in(0,2\zeta_-)\) in terms of the Lusin-area function and the Littlewood-Paley \(g_\lambda^*\)-function, defined via the difference between \(f(x)\) and its ball average \[B_{b^{-k}}f(x):=\frac{1}{|B_\rho(x,b^{-k})|}\int_{B_\rho(x,b^{-k})}f(y)\,dy,\quad\forall\,x\in\mathbb{R}^n,\forall\,k\in\{1,2,\dots\},\] where \(b:=|\text{det} A_{\vec{a}}|$, $\sigma(A_{\vec{a}})\) denotes the set of all eigenvalues of \(A_{\vec{a}}\), \[\lambda_-\in(1,\min\{|\lambda|: \lambda\in\sigma(A_{\vec{a}})\}],\quad \zeta_-:=\log_b\lambda_-.\] Further, \(\rho\) denotes the step homogeneous quasi-norm associated with \(A_{\vec{a}}\) and, for any \(k\in\{1,2,\dots\}\) and \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n$, $B_\rho(x,b^{-k}):=\{y\in\mathbb{R}^n:\rho(x-y)< b^{-k}\}\). As applications, the authors obtain a series of characterizations for weighted anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces \(F^\alpha_{p,\infty}(A_{\vec{a}};\,w)\) via pointwise inequalities involving ball averages.