Some new algebraic cycles on Fermat varieties (Q1820826)

Let \(X^ n_ m\) be the hypersurface in \(P^{n+1}_{/{\mathbb{C}}}\) \((n=2r\), even) defined by \(x^ m_ 0+x^ m_ 1+...+x^ m_{n+1}=0\). If we put \(G^ n_ m=(\mu _ m)^{n+2}/diag.\), where \(\mu _ m\) denotes the group of m-th roots of unity, then \(G^ n_ m\) acts on \(X^ n_ m\). Let \({\mathfrak A}^ n_ m=\{(a_ 0,...,a_{n+1})\in ({\mathbb{Z}}/m\setminus \{0\})^{n+2}| \quad a_ 0+...+a_{n+1}=0\}\). Then \({\mathfrak A}^ n_ m\) is regarded as a subset of the character group of \(G^ n_ m\) by setting \(\alpha (g)=\zeta _ 0^{a_ 0}\zeta _ 1^{a_ 1}...\zeta _{n+1}^{a_{n+1}}\) for \(\alpha =(a_ 0,...,a_{n+1})\in {\mathfrak A}^ n_ m\), \(g=(\zeta _ 0,...,\zeta _{n+1})\in G^ n_ m\). Then we get the decomposition of the cohomology group of \(X^ n_ m\) as follows: \(H^ p_{prim}(X^ n_ m,{\mathbb{C}})=\oplus _{\alpha \in {\mathfrak A}^ n_ m}V(\alpha),\quad \dim _{{\mathbb{C}}}V(\alpha)=1\), where V(\(\alpha)\) denotes the \(\alpha\)-part of \(H^ n(X^ n_ m,{\mathbb{C}})\). Moreover the space of primitive Hodge cycles is described as follows: \((H^{r,r}(X^ n_ m)\cap H^ n_{prim}(X^ n_ m,{\mathbb{Q}}))\otimes {\mathbb{C}}=\oplus _{\alpha \in {\mathfrak B}^ n_ m}V(\alpha),\) where \({\mathfrak B}^ n_ m=\{(a_ i)\in {\mathfrak A}^ n_ m| \sum ^{n+1}_{i=0}<ta_ i/m>=r+1\quad\) for all \(t\in ({\mathbb{Z}}/m)^{\times}\}\). The symbol \(<\quad >\) denotes taking the fractional part. For any algebraic cycle Z of codimension n/2 on \(X^ n_ m\) and for \(\alpha\) \(\in {\mathfrak B}^ n_ m\), put \(\omega _{\alpha}(Z)=(1/\#G_ Z)\sum _{g\in G_ Z}\overline{\alpha (g)}g^ *([Z]),\quad\) where \(G_ Z=\{g\in G^ n_ m| \quad g(Z)=Z\}\) and [Z] denotes the cohomology class of Z. Then clearly \(\omega _{\alpha}(Z)\in V(\alpha)\). We say that Z represents the Hodge class \(\alpha\) if \(\omega _{\alpha}(Z)\neq 0\). In order to prove the Hodge conjecture for \(X^ n_ m\), we must construct some algebraic cycles which represent a given Hodge class. Let \({\mathfrak D}^ n_ m=\{\alpha \in {\mathfrak A}^ n_ m| \quad \alpha \sim (a_ 0,-a_ 0,...,a_ r,-a_ r)\}\), where \(\sim\) denotes equality up to permutation. Then \({\mathfrak D}^ n_ m\) is a subset of \({\mathfrak B}^ n_ m\). Shioda showed that, for each \(\delta\) \(\in {\mathfrak D}^ n_ m\), there exists a linear space L which represents \(\delta\). In general, however, \({\mathfrak D}^ n_ m\) does not coincide with \({\mathfrak B}^ n_ m\). In this paper we give explicitly defined algebraic cycles on \(X_ m^{p-1}\) which represent standard elements \(\alpha =(a,a+d,...,a+(p-1)d,-pa)\in {\mathfrak B}_ m^{p-1}\), where p is an odd prime divisor of m and \(d=m/p>1\). Let Y be a complete intersection in \({\mathbb{P}}^ p\) defined by \(x_ 0^{kd}+x_ 1^{kd}+...+x^{kd}_{p-1}=0\) (1\(\leq k\leq r)\), \(x^ p_ p-cx_ 0x_ 1...x_{p-1}=0\) \((c^ d=-p)\). It is not hard to show that Y is a subvariety of \(X_ m^{p-1}.\) Then our main theorem is stated as follows: The subvariety Y represents the Hodge class \(\alpha\). More precisely we have \(\omega _{\alpha}(Y)\cdot \overline{\omega _{\alpha}(Y)}=(-1)^ rp^{p- 2}m^ p.\) As a corollary, if m is a power of a prime number, the Hodge conjecture for \(X^ n_ m\) is true for all n.