The \(L^ p\)-integrability of Green's functions and fundamental solutions for elliptic and parabolic equations (Q1059770)

Let be \(L_ au=\sum^{d}_{i,j=1}a^{ij}(x)\partial^ 2u/\partial x_ i\partial x_ j\) where \(d\geq 1\) and \(a\equiv (a^{ij}(x))\) is a smooth, symmetric, \(d\times d\)-matrix-valued function on \({\mathbb{R}}^ d\) satisfying, for given \(\lambda\in (0,1)\), \(\lambda I\leq a(x)\leq \lambda^{-1}I\) (in the sense of nonnegative definiteness). The present paper mainly considers three topics. First, for the equation \(L^*_ av=0\) where \(L^*_ a\) denotes the formal adjoint of \(L_ a\), in a bounded domain \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^ d\) the interior behavior of nonnegative solutions v is investigated. In detail, for these solutions a backward or reversed Hölder inequality is proved for suitable balls in \(\Omega\). This result is applied to the Green's function corresponding to \(L_ a\) and \(\Omega\). Secondly, a direct proof of Harnack's inequality for nonnegative solutions u of \(L_ au=0\) in \(\Omega\) is given. Here, essentially ideas by \textit{M. V. Safonov} [Zap. Nauchn. Semin. Leningr. Otd. Mat. Inst. Steklova 96, 272-287 (1980; Zbl 0458.35028)] and \textit{N. S. Trudinger} [Invent. Math. 61, 67-79 (1980; Zbl 0453.35028)] are utilized. Finally, for parabolic equations of the form \(\partial u/\partial t=L_ au\) \((L_ a\) as above) in \((0,\infty)\times {\mathbb{R}}^ d\), the \(L^ p\)- integrability of fundamental solutions is investigated in the case of the Cauchy problem with data given on \(\{0\}\times {\mathbb{R}}^ d\).