Matrices with some extremal properties (Q1112136)

The author investigates inequalities related to the eigenvalues, diagonal elements and three types of singular values of square matrices over the field of complex numbers. It is demonstrated that in many cases some of these inequalities become equalities only in case the matrix is unitarily similar to matrices of lower order. By this, also necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the decomposition of a linear operator and the space into orthogonal complements. The well readable paper is of interest not only in linear algebra but also of importance for various fields of applications.