A variant of d'Alembert's functional equation (Q2350268)

Suppose that \(S\) is semigroup and \(\sigma: S \to S\) is a homomorphism such that \(\sigma\circ \sigma=\text{id}\). The author proves that any solution \(g : S \to \mathbb{C}\) of the variant of d'Alembert's functional equation \(g(xy) + g(\sigma(y)x)=2g(x)g(y),\,\, x, y \in S\) has the form \(g = (\mu + \mu \circ \sigma)/2\), where \(\mu\) is a multiplicative function on \(S\). He then passes from multiplicative functions on the product \(S = I \times I\) of semigroups to multiplicative functions on the individual factors to find the solutions \(f : I \times I \to \mathbb{C}\) of \(f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = f(p, q)f(r, s),\,\, p, q, r, s \in I\), where \(I\) is a semigroup. Thus he generalizes a result by \textit{J. K. Chung} et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 138, No. 1, 280--292 (1989; Zbl 0669.60025)] for the multiplicative semigroup \(I = (0, 1)\).