On continuous images of ultra-arcs (Q2417912)

The author studies what are called the ``standard subcontinua'' of $\mathbb{H}^*= \beta([0,\infty))\setminus[0,\infty)$. A standard subcontinuum of $\mathbb{H}^*$ is one of the form,\[ \bigcap_{\mathcal{J}\in\mathcal{D}}\mathrm{cl}_{\beta([0,\infty))}\bigg(\bigcup _{n\in\mathcal{J}}[a_n,b_n]\bigg) \] where $a_0<b_0<a_1<b_1<\cdots$ is an unbounded sequence in $[0,\infty)$ and $\mathcal{D}$ is a free (i.e., nonprincipal) ultrafilter on $\{0,1,2,\dots\}$. Spaces that are homeomorphic to standard subcontinua of $\mathbb{H}^*$ are called ultra arcs. The writer's results address the problem of which continua are continuous images of ultra arcs under special maps. Five of such are stated in the author's abstract. Let us quote two of them (without defining some perhaps unfamiliar terms): \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] Every nondegenerate locally connected chainable continuum of weight $\leq\aleph_1$ is a co-elementary monotone image of any ultra-arc. \item[(2)] Every nondegenerate chainable metric continuum is a co-existential image of any ultra arc. \end{itemize}