Complexity of homogeneous spaces and growth of multiplicities (Q1889942)

Given a connected reductive subgroup \(G\) over an algebraically closed field \( k\) of characteristic \(0\) and a closed subgroup \(H\) of \(G,\) the complexity of \(G/H,\) denoted \(c(G/H) \) is defined to be the minimal codimension of \(B\)-orbits, where \(B\) is a Borel subgroup of \(G\). Equivalently, \(c(G/H) = \text{tr}\deg(k[ G/H ] ^{B}:k).\) This paper gives another characterization for the complexity: in terms of the growth of multiplicities of simple \(G\)-modules in the spaces of sections of homogeneous line bundles on \(G/H.\) Let \(\Lambda \) be the weight lattice of \(B\), let \(\Lambda _{+}\) be the set of dominant weights, and for \(\lambda \in \Lambda _{+}\) let \(V(\lambda) \) be the simple \(G\)-module of highest weight \(\lambda \). The main result states that the complexity of \(G/H\) is the minimal \(c\) such that multiplicity of \(V(\lambda) \) in \(H^{0}(G/H,\mathcal{L}) \) is \(O(| \lambda | ^{c}) \) over all \(\lambda \in \Lambda _{+}\) and \(G\)-line bundles \(\mathcal{L}\). Here \(| \cdot | \) is any fixed norm on the vector space spanned by \(\Lambda.\) Furthermore, if \(G/H\) is quasiaffine it suffices to consider the multiplicity of \(V(\lambda) \) in \(k[ G/H].\) The paper concludes with results in the case where \(G/H\) has small complexity. It is shown that if \(c(G/H) =0\) then the multiplicity of \(V(\lambda) \) in \(H^{0}(G/H,\mathcal{L} (\chi)) =1\) for biweights \((\lambda ,\chi) \) in \(G/H.\) Additionally, if \(c(G/H) =1\) then there exist biweights \((\lambda _{0},\chi _{0}) \) such that \(H^{0}(G/H, \mathcal{L}) =n+1,\) where \(n\) is the maximal integer such that \((\lambda ,\chi) -n(\lambda _{0},\chi _{0}) \) is a biweight. This pair is unique up to a shift by \((\varepsilon | _{B},-\varepsilon | _{H}).\)