Primitive Jordan algebras (Q1317606)

The study of primitive Jordan algebras was initiated by \textit{E. I. Zel'manov} [Algebra Logic 18, 103--111 (1979); translation from Algebra Logika 18, 162--175 (1979; Zbl 0433.17009)], and continued by \textit{L. Hogben} and \textit{K. McCrimmon} [J. Algebra 68, 155--169 (1981; Zbl 0449.17011)]. Let \(J\) be a Jordan algebra over a commutative-associative ring with \(1/2\). The author proves that \(J\) is primitive if and only if it satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) \(J\) is the Jordan algebra defined by a nondegenerate bilinear form \(B(f,V)\) on a vector space \(V\); (2) \(J\) is a simple exceptional Jordan algebra that is 27-dimensional over its center; (3) there exists a primitive associative algebra \(A\) such that \(A^{(+)} \vartriangleleft J\vartriangleleft Q(A)^{(+)}\), where \(Q(A)\) is the Martindale ring of quotients for \(A\); (4) there exists a primitive associative algebra \(B\) with involution \(^*\) such that \(H(B,^*) \vartriangleleft J\vartriangleleft H(Q(B),^*)\).