Symplectic structures on moduli spaces of sheaves via the Atiyah class (Q1029478)

By an important observation originating from Mukai, on any moduli space of simple sheaves on a \(K3\) or abelian surface there is a holomorphic symplectic 2-form \(\omega\), which is closed and non-degenerate. Analogues of these results have been studied for moduli spaces of sheaves on Poisson surfaces, on surfaces of general type and on hyperkähler manifolds, see e.g. [\textit{D. Huybrechts} and \textit{M. Lehn}, The geometry of moduli spaces of sheaves, Aspects of Mathematics. E 31. Braunschweig: Vieweg (1997; Zbl 0872.14002)] for a review. The purpose of this paper is twofold - first to give a generalization of the original construction by Mukai for moduli spaces of sheaves on arbitrary projective manifolds, and then to apply this on particular examples. For a moduli space \(M\) of stable sheaves \(F\) on a projective manifold \(X\) the tangent space to \(M\) at \(F\) is \(\mathrm{Ext}^1(F,F)\). In case when \(X = S\) is a \(K3\) surface, the Mukai's holomorphic 2-form on \(M\) is obtained by composing the Yoneda product \(\mathrm{Ext}^1(F,F) \times \mathrm{Ext}^1(F,F) \rightarrow \mathrm{Ext}^2(F,F)\) by the trace map \(\mathrm{Ext}^2(F,F) \rightarrow H^2(X,O_X)\) and coupling \(H^2(S,O_S) \rightarrow H^2(S,\Omega^2_S) = {\mathbb{C}}\) with the unique (mod. \({\mathbb{C}}^*\)) holomorphic 2-form \(\omega^{2,0}\) on \(S\). The authors generalize this construction as follows: If \(X\) is a projective \(n\)-fold with \(h^{n-q,n-q-2}(X) \not=0\) for some \(q \geq 0\), and if \(M\) is a moduli space on \(X\) as above, then any non-zero element \(\omega \in H^{n-q-2}(\Omega_X^{n-q})\) defines a closed 2-form \(a_{\omega}\) on \(M\) obtained by composing the Yoneda product with the \(q\)-th exteriour power of the Atiyah class \(At(F) \in \mathrm{Ext}^1(F,F\otimes \Omega^1_X)\), and then taking as above the trace map and coupling with \(\omega\). The authors apply this construction to moduli spaces \(M\) of sheaves on the cubic fourfold \(Y\). In this particular case \(h^{3,1}(Y) = 1\), and the uniqueness of the \((3,1)\) form \(\omega\) on \(Y\) yields uniquely defined \(2\)-form \(\alpha = \alpha_{\omega}\) on \(M\). Especially in this case, they show that the conditions \(H^i(F(-k)) = 0\) for any \(i\) and \(k = 0,1,2\) give a sufficient criterion for the non-degeneratedness of \(\alpha\) at \(F \in M\), and use this criterion to reaffirm in these up-to-date terms that two special moduli spaces of sheaves on the cubic fourfold \(Y\) (the 4-fold \(M = F(Y)\) of lines on \(X\) known by \textit{A. Beauville} and \textit{R. Donagi} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 301, 703--706 (1985; Zbl 0602.14041)], and the symplectic 10-fold \(M = P(Y)\) of Pfaffian representations of the hyperplane sections of \(Y\)) are symplectic varieties.