Asymptotics for Jacobi-Sobolev orthogonal polynomials associated with non-coherent pairs of measures (Q619044)

The authors study the Jacobi-Sobolev inner product \[ \langle f,g\rangle_S=\langle f,g\rangle_{\psi^{(\alpha,\beta)}}+\kappa_1\langle f',g'\rangle_{\psi^{(\alpha+1,\beta+1)}}+ \kappa_2\langle f',g'\rangle_{\psi^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa,\kappa_3)}}, \] where \[ \begin{aligned} &\langle f,g\rangle_{\psi^{(\alpha,\beta)}}=\int_{-1}^1\,f(x)g(x)d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\\ &\langle f',g'\rangle_{\psi^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa,\kappa_3)}}=\int_{-1}^1\,f(x)g(x)d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa)}(x)+ \kappa_3\left(f(\kappa)g(\kappa)\right),\end{aligned} \] with \[ d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)=(1-x)^{\alpha}(1+x)^{\beta}dx;\;d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa)}(x)={\kappa\over\kappa -x} \,d\psi^{(\alpha+1,\beta+1)}(x), \] under the restrictions \[ |\kappa|\geq 1,\;\kappa_1\geq 0;\;\kappa_2>0;\;\kappa_3>0.\eqno{(\ast)} \] \vskip0.1cm The sequence of orthogonal polynomials is denoted by \(S_n\), they were introduced by \textit{A.C. Berti, C.F. Bracciali} and \textit{A. Sri Ranga} [Numer. Algorithms 34, No. 2--4, 203--216 (2003; Zbl 1046.42015)] and satisfy a recurrence relation (the coefficients are given explicitly in the paper) of the form \[ S_{n+1}(x)+a_n(\kappa,\kappa_1,\kappa_2,\kappa_3)S_n(x)=P_{n+1}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)+ b_n^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa_3)}(x)P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\;(n\geq 0), \] with \[ S_0(x)=P_0^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x),\;S_1(x)=P_1^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x). \] The pair \(\{d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta)},\kappa_1d\psi^{(\alpha+1,\beta+1)}+ \kappa_2d\psi^{(\alpha,\beta,\kappa,\kappa_3)}\}\) does not form a so called coherent pair [cf. \textit{H.G. Meijer}, J. Approx. Theory 89, 321--343 (1997; Zbl 0880.42012)]. The main results of the paper under review are: A. Outer asymptotics \[ a(\tilde \kappa):=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,a_n=-{1\over 2\varphi(\tilde \kappa)},\tag{1} \] with \[ \varphi(z)=z+\sqrt{z^2+1}\;(z\in\mathbb{C}\setminus [-1,1]);\;\tilde\kappa = \begin{cases}\kappa(\kappa_1+\kappa_2\over\kappa_1 & \kappa_1>0\\ +\infty & \kappa_1=0,\,\kappa\geq 1\\ -\infty & \kappa_1=0,\,\kappa\leq -1\end{cases} \] \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,{S_n(x)\over P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)}= \begin{cases}\varphi(x)-\varphi(\kappa)\over\varphi(x)-1/\varphi(\tilde\kappa) & \kappa_3>0\\ {\varphi(x)-1/\varphi(\kappa)\over\varphi(x)-1/\varphi(\tilde\kappa)} & \kappa_3=0\end{cases}\tag{2} \] uniformly on compact subsets of \(\mathbb{C}\setminus [-1,1]\). B. Mehler-Heine asymptotics \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,{2^n S_n(\cos{(x/n)})\over n^{\alpha-1/2}}= {1+2b(\kappa)\over1+2a(\tilde\kappa)}\,{\sqrt{\pi}\over 2^{\beta}}\,x^{-\alpha}\,J_{\alpha}(x)\tag{1.} \] uniformly on compact subsets of \(\mathbb{C}\), where \(a(\tilde\kappa)\) is given in \textbf{A1}, \[ b(\kappa)=\begin{cases}-\varphi(\kappa)\over 2 & \kappa_3>0\\ -{1\over 2\varphi(\kappa)} & \kappa_3=0,\end{cases} \] and \(J_{\alpha}(x)\) is the Bessel function of the first kind \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,{2^n S_n(\cos{(x/n)})\over n^{\alpha-1/2}}= \begin{cases}-{1\over 1+2a(\tilde\kappa)}\,{\sqrt{\pi}\over 2^{\beta}}\,x^{-\alpha}\,[x J_{\alpha+1}(x)+2J_{\alpha}(x)] & \kappa_3>0\\ {1\over 1+2a(\tilde\kappa)}\,{\sqrt{\pi}\over 2^{\beta}}\,x^{-\alpha-1}\,J_{\alpha-1}(x) & \kappa_3=0\end{cases}\tag{2.} \] for \(\alpha>0,\,\beta>-1\) and \(\kappa_1\geq 0\). C. Inner strong asymptotics \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,{2^n S_n(\cos{\theta})\over\sqrt{n}}={\sqrt{\pi}\over 2^{\alpha+\beta}}\, \delta_n^{\alpha,\beta}\,k_1(\theta)\,J_{\alpha}(N\theta)+{O}(n^{-1/2} \] uniformly on \([\varepsilon,\pi-\varepsilon]\;(\varepsilon>0)\), where \(N=n+(\alpha+\beta+1)/2\) and \[ \begin{multlined}\delta_n^{\alpha,\beta}={2^{2n+\alpha+\beta}\Gamma(n+\alpha+\beta+1)\Gamma(n+\alpha+1)N^{-\alpha}\over \sqrt{\pi n} \Gamma(2n+\alpha+\beta+1)},\;k_1(\theta)=\\ \left({\theta\over\sin {\theta}}\right)^{1\over 2} \left(\sin{\theta\over 2}\right)^{-\alpha}\left(\cos{\theta\over 2}\right)^{-\beta}.\end{multlined} \]