The major arcs in the ternary Goldbach problem (Q1410413)

Let \(N\) be a large odd integer and \(P, Q\) be positive real numbers satisfying \(2P \leq Q \leq N/P\). In the circle method, the unit interval is divided into major arcs and minor arcs. The major arcs \({\mathfrak{M}}\) are defined by \[ {\mathfrak{M}} =\bigcup_{q \leq P} \bigcup^q_{a =1 \atop (a,q)=1} \left \{ \frac{a}{q} + \lambda ; |\lambda |\leq \frac{1}{q Q}\right \}. \] In his proof of the ternary Goldbach problem, Vinogradov took \[ P=(\log N)^B \quad \text{and}\quad Q = N/(P (\log N)^C), \] where ~\(B, C\)~ are positive constants, and showed that \[ \int_{{\mathfrak{M}}}\left\{\sum_{p \leq N} (\log p) e(p \alpha)\right \}^3 e(-N \alpha) d \alpha = \frac{1}{2} {\mathfrak{S}}(N) N^2 + O(N^2 (\log N)^{-A}), \] where \(A>0\) is arbitrary, and \({\mathfrak{S}}(N)\) is the singular series in this problem. In the present paper, the author shows that this asymptotic formula holds for \[ P = N^{6/25 - \varepsilon} \quad \text{and} \quad Q = N/(P \log N)^{4A} . \]