Periodic solutions of perturbed isochronous Hamiltonian systems at resonance (Q2484423)

This paper deals with the problem of the existence of periodic solutions to a planar system of the form \[ Ju'=\nabla H(u)+f(t,u), \] where \(f:{\mathbb R}\times {\mathbb R}^2 \to {\mathbb R}^2\) is continuous and \(T\)-periodic in the first variable. It is assumed that the origin is an isochronous center for the autonomous system \[ Ju'=\nabla H(u). \] This situation generalizes the widely studied case when \(H(x,y)=(1/2)[\mu (x^+)^2+\nu (x^-)^2+ y^2]\). It is proved that if the function \(f\) is positively homogeneous of degree \(\beta \in[0,1[\), then the given problem has at least one periodic solution. The proof is based on the computation (via elementary phase-plane analysis) of the degree of the Poincaré mapping associated to the system. This is done (on the lines of previous results) by studying the zeros of the functions \(\Phi(\theta)=\int_0^T(f(t,\phi(t+\theta))\, | \, \phi(t+\theta)) \, dt\) and \(\Psi(\theta)=\int_0^T(f(t,\phi(t+\theta))\, | \, \phi'(t+\theta)) \, dt\), where \(J\phi'=\nabla H(\phi(t))\) and \(H(\phi(t))=1/2\). In this way, generalized Landesman-Lazer conditions are obtained for the existence of periodic solutions. Finally, it is considered the case when the function \(f\) is positively homogeneous of degree one. Besides the references given in the paper, the interested reader may consult the paper by \textit{D. Bonheure,C. Fabry} and \textit{D. Smets} [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 8, No.4, 907-930 (2002; Zbl 1021.34032)].