The lattice of pre-natural classes of modules (Q1300647)

Let \(R\) be a ring and \(M\) a right \(R\)-module. A subclass of \(\sigma[M]\) closed under submodules, arbitrary direct sums and \(M\)-injective hulls is called an \(M\)-natural class. The author introduces the notion of a pre-natural class to be an \(M\)-natural class for some \(M\). Several characterizations and constructions of pre-natural classes are given. Let \({\mathcal N}^p_r(R)\) be the collection of all pre-natural classes. Then the author proves that for each \(M\), the collection \({\mathcal N}(R,M)\) of all \(M\)-natural classes is a sublattice of \({\mathcal N}^p_r(R)\), the set of all hereditary pretorsion classes is a complete sublattice of \({\mathcal N}^p_r(R)\) and the set of all hereditary torsion-free classes is a sublattice of \({\mathcal N}^p_r(R)\). The author sees that QI-rings, semisimple rings and left perfect rings with a unique simple module can be characterized by some inclusions of sublattices of \({\mathcal N}^p_r(R)\). An example is given of a non left distributive ring \(R\) for which the lattice of all left linear topologies of \(R\) is a distributive lattice. Finally, the rings \(R\) for which \(|{\mathcal N}^p_r(R)|=2, 3\) and 4, respectively, are described and examples are also given for each case.