Semiclassical microlocal normal forms and global solutions of modified one-dimensional KG equations (Q507073)

The method of Klainerman vector fields plays an essential role in the study of global existence of solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs, with small, smooth, decaying Cauchy data. Nevertheless, it turns out that some equations of physics, like the one dimensional water waves equation with finite depth, do not possess any Klainerman vector field. The goal of this paper is to design, on a model equation, a substitute to the Klainerman vector fields method, that allows one to get global existence results, even in the critical case for which linear scattering does not hold at infinity. The main idea is to use semiclassical pseudodifferential operators instead of vector fields, combined with microlocal normal forms, to reduce the nonlinearity to expressions for which a Leibniz rule holds for these operators. More precisely, let \(D_t=\frac{1}{i}\partial_t\), \(D_x=D=\frac{1}{i}\partial_x\), \(a_j\in \mathbb{R}\), the model equations considered in this paper are one-dimensional cubic Klein-Gordon equations \[ (D_t^2-p(D_x)^2)\psi=\psi(a_0\psi^2+a_1 (D_t \psi)^2 +a_2 D_t \psi D_x \psi+a_3 (D_x \psi)^2), \] where the strictly positive first order constant coefficients classical elliptic symbol \(p(\xi)\) could be any small enough perturbation of \(\sqrt{1+\xi^2}\). For the real initial value \((\psi_0,\psi_1)\) at \(t=1\), by assuming smallness of \(\|(\psi_0,\psi_1)\|_{H^{s+1}\times H^s} +\|x^2(\psi_0,\psi_1)\|_{H^{1}\times L^2}\), the author proved global existence of solutions, and provided the asymptotics of the solutions for \(t\geq 1\). For the classical case of Klein-Gordon equations, \(p=\sqrt{1+\xi^2}\), the results apply for any general nonlinearity satisfying weaker null-conditions. Such global existence results have been proved in the more general setting of quasilinear Klein-Gordon equations in the author's work [Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. 34, 1--61 (2001; Zbl 0990.35119)], and in the case of nonlinearities depending only on \(\psi\), by \textit{H. Lindblad} and \textit{A. Soffer} [Lett. Math. Phys. 73, 249--258 (2005; Zbl 1106.35072)], but in both cases only for compactly supported initial data.