Langlands duality for representations of quantum groups (Q623329)

Let \( \mathfrak{g} \) be a simple Lie algebra. Its Langlands dual Lie algebra \( ^{L}\mathfrak{g} \) is the simple Lie algebra whose Cartan matrix is the transpose of the Cartan matrix of \( \mathfrak{g} \). In this paper the authors establish a correspondence between the characters and crystal basis of finite-dimensional representations of quantum groups associated to Langlands dual semisimple Lie algebras. Denote by \( P \) and \( ^{L}P \) the weight lattices of \( \mathfrak{g} \) and \( ^{L}\mathfrak{g} \). Then there exists a surjective map \( \Pi:P \to \;^{L}P \) which is defined on a certain sublattice \( P' \) of \( P \) and zero otherwise. These notes begin by showing that the multiplicities of weights in \( \chi^{L}(\Pi(\lambda)) \) are less than or equal to those in \( \Pi(\chi(\lambda)) \), where \(\chi, \chi^{L}\) are the character homomorphisms from the Grothendieck groups Rep \(\mathfrak{g}\) and Rep \( ^{L}\mathfrak{g} \) to \(\mathbb{Z}[P]\) and \( \mathbb{Z}[^{L}P] \), respectively; {i.\ e.} \( \chi^{L}(\Pi(\lambda)) \) can be seen as a sub-character of \(\chi(\Pi(\lambda))\). Besides its proof, examples over \( \mathfrak{g} \) of type \( B_{2} \) and \( G_{2} \) are added. This first main result is obtained by proving a stronger result on crystals of \( \mathfrak{g} \) and \( ^{L}\mathfrak{g} \). Once again, the proof is illustrated by examples with \( \mathfrak{g} \) of type \( B_{2} \) and \( G_{2} \). The paper then proceeds with the introduction of interpolating quantum groups with the aim to explain this duality. Denote by \( U_{q}(\mathfrak{g}) \) the quantum group corresponding to \( \mathfrak{g} \) and consider the algebra \( \mathcal{U}_{q}(\mathfrak{g}) \) which is generated by the same elements and relations of \(U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})\) except the quantum Serre relations. The interpolating quantum groups \( \mathcal{U}_{q,t}(\mathfrak{g})\) are two-parameter deformations of such algebras such that the specialization with respect to \(t=1\) gives the quantum group \( \mathcal{U}_{q}(\mathfrak{g}) \) as a subquotient, and with respect to \( q\) at a certain root of unity gives the Langlands dual \( \mathcal{U}_{-t}(^{L}\mathfrak{g}) \). After defining case by case the interpolating quantum groups, some weight interpolating representations are studied, that is, representations of \( \mathcal{U}_{q,t}(\mathfrak{g})\) that after specialization give representations of the Langlands duals quantum groups. It turns out that these could not be defined over an interpolating quantum group \({U}_{q,t}(\mathfrak{g}) \), since the possible deformations of the quantum Serre relations cannot be fulfilled. The paper ends with a section devoted to open problems and conjectures which are supported by several examples and proofs in particular cases. The clarity and depth of the exposition, together with all the examples provided by the authors make this work quite interesting and invite the reader for future research on Langlands duality on quantum groups.