A solvable mixed charge ensemble on the line: global results (Q1939550)

The authors study the equilibrium statistics of a model of \(L+M\) particles on the line, \(L\) of them carrying charge \(1\), while \(M\) have charge \(2\). The particles interact with each other through the usual log-potential and with an external confining potential. The equilibrium measure is given by the grand canonical ensemble, where \(L\) is allowed to fluctuate, but the total charge \(N=L+2M\) is fixed. In the first part, the statistics (moments) of the population number \(L\) is expressed in terms of Laguerre polynomials, allowing for the derivation of a central limit theorem and large deviations as \(N\to\infty\). The authors then carry on with the study of the particle densities and their limiting behavior (with the right scaling), and prove a weak convergence to the uniform law and the semi-circle law, respectively. Finally, it is shown that the position of the particles form a Pfaffian point process, whose matrix kernel is explicit (and again related to Laguerre polynomials) in the case of a quadratic external potential. Connections to Ginibre's real ensemble of random matrices are noted throughout.