Zero patterns and unitary similarity (Q984992)

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Zero patterns and unitary similarity
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    Zero patterns and unitary similarity (English)
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    20 July 2010
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    Let \(M(n)\) be the algebra of \(n\times n\) complex matrices and \(L(n)\) be the subspace consisting of matrices of trace \(0\). The authors say that a subspace \(V\) of \(L(n)\) is universal if each matrix in \(L(n)\) is unitarily similar to a matrix in \(V\). Following the paradigm of Schur's theorem (every matrix in \(M(n)\) is unitarily similar to an upper triangular matrix) the authors investigate ``patterns'' \(I\subseteq\left\{ 1,\dots,n\right\} ^{2}\) for which the subspace \(V=L(n)_{I}\) consisting of matrices with entries equal to \(0\) at each index \((i,j)\in I\) is universal. Let \(\mathcal{K(}n)\) be the ideal generated by the elementary symmetric functions in \(x_{1},\dots,x_{n}\) in the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{R[}x_{1},\dots,x_{n}].\) A pattern \(I\) is defined to be singular if \({\prod_{(i,j)\in I}} (x_{i}-x_{j})\in\mathcal{K}(n)\). The authors prove that every nonsingular pattern \(I\) is universal and construct some explicit families of nonsingular (and hence universal) patterns. They give a complete description of universal patterns \(I\) for \(n\leq3\) and a partial description for \(n=4\).
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    unitary similarity
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    zero patterns
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    Schur triangularization theorem
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    universal patterns
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