On the vertices of modules in the Auslander-Reiten quiver (Q2277568)

Let kG be the group algebra of a finite group G over a field k of characteristic p, and let \(\Gamma\) be a connected component of the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver of kG. It is known by Kawata that \(\{\) vx(X): \(X\in \Gamma \}\) has a minimal element with respect to \(\leq_ G\), where vx(X) denotes a vertex of an indecomposable module X. Assume that \(\Gamma\) contains non-periodic modules and that the minimal vertex is not a four group. Then the first theorem says: If k is perfect and if \(\Gamma\) has modules with distinct vertices, then either (i) \(\Gamma \cong {\mathbb{Z}}A_{\infty}\) and there is a tree \(X_ 1-X_ 2-X_ 3-...- X_ n-...\) in \(\Gamma\) such that \(vx(X_ 1)\leq vx(X_ 2)\leq...\leq vx(X_ n)=vx(X_{n+1})=vx(X_{x+2})=...,\) or (ii) \(\Gamma \cong {\mathbb{Z}}A^{\infty}_{\infty}\), \(\{\) vx(X): \(X\in \Gamma \}=\{P,Q\}\), up to G-conjugates, \(Q\leq P\), \(p=| P:Q| =2\) and the modules with vertex Q (resp. P) form a subquiver \(\Gamma_ Q\) (resp. \(\Gamma_ P)\) of \(\Gamma\) such that \(\Gamma_ Q\cong \Gamma_ P\cong {\mathbb{Z}}A_{\infty}\). The second theorem says: If k is algebraically closed and if \(\Gamma\) contains a trivial source module X, then \(\Gamma \cong {\mathbb{Z}}A_{\infty}\) and X lies at the end of \(\Gamma\) with the following exceptional cases: vx(X) is cyclic, dihedral, generalized quaternion, semidihedral, or a four group. These theorems are already proved for p-groups by Erdmann without assuming anything on the smallest vertex. The proofs of the present theorems require the results of Erdmann, Kawata's module correspondence theorem and a result of Erdmann- Skowroński on the components isomorphic to \({\mathbb{Z}}A^{\infty}_{\infty}/\pi\), \(\pi\) non-trivial. Also, the relationships between Auslander-Reiten quivers of kG and kN for a normal subgroup N of G are investigated. Concerning the situation (i) of the first theorem, it is proved that the number n must satisfy certain weak conditions.