Abelian and Hamiltonian varieties of groupoids (Q695780)

An algebra \(A\) is 1) abelian if for any term \(t(x,{y_1},\dots,{y_n})\) and any elements \(u,v,\bar c = \{ {c_1},\dots,{c_n}\} \), \(\bar d = \{ {d_1},\dots,{d_n}\} \in A\) there holds \(t(u,\bar c) = t(u,\bar d) \Rightarrow t(v,\bar c) = t(v,\bar d)\); 2) strongly abelian if \(t(a,\bar c) = t(b,\bar d) \Rightarrow t(e,\bar c) = t(e,\bar d)\) for arbitrary \(a,b,e,\bar c,\bar d \in A\); 3) Hamiltonian if any subalgebra is a congruence class. A variety is abelian (strongly abelian, Hamiltonian) if all algebras in the respective class are abelian (strongly abelian, Hamiltonian). For a semigroup \(A\) the following conditions are shown to be equivalent: 1) the variety \(V(A)\) generated by \(A\) is abelian; 2) \(V(A)\) is Hamiltonian; 3) \(A\) is an inflation of a rectangular band of abelian groups of finite period and a product of idempotents is an idempotent in \(A\). The variety \(V(A)\) is strongly abelian iff \(A\) is an inflation of a rectangular band of idempotents. Moreover, the authors describe groupoids with unity and quasigroups generating abelian, strongly abelian, and Hamiltonian varieties.