A Levine-Tristram invariant for knotted tori (Q2092762)

In this paper, the author gives a new topological invariant of a locally flat torus \(T\) in a homology \(S^1 \times S^3\) such that the inclusion map induces a surjection on the first homology groups; where a homology \(S^1 \times S^3\) is an oriented 4-manifold \(X\) with the homology of \(S^1 \times S^3\), and \(X\) has a homology orientation, that is a choice of generator of \(H^1(X) \cong \mathbb{Z}\). The main result is that for any \(\alpha \in S^1\), there is an invariant \(\sigma_\alpha(X,T) \in \mathbb{Z}\) such that for a knot \(K\) in a homology 3-sphere \(Y\), \(\sigma_\alpha(S^1 \times Y, S^1 \times K)=\sigma_\alpha(Y, K)\), and, reversing either the orientation or the homology orientation of \(X\) changes the sign of \(\sigma_\alpha(X, T)\). The invariant \(\sigma_\alpha(X,T)\) is analogous to the Levine-Tristram invariant \(\sigma_\alpha(K) \in \mathbb{Z}\) of an odd-dimensional knot \(K\), where \(\alpha \in S^1\). The author computes \(\sigma_\alpha(X,T)\) for three examples of embedded tori, and discusses relationship of \(\sigma_\alpha(X,T)\) to an invariant of knotted tori that gave a motivation of this paper, that is defined using gauge theory by \textit{M. Echeverria} [``A generalization of the Tristram-Levine Knot Signatures as a singular Furuta-Ohta Invariant for tori'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1908.11359}]. The invariant \(\sigma_\alpha(X,T)\) is given using a \(\rho\) invariant of a cohomology \(T^2 \times S^2\) resulting from 0-surgery along \(T\).