Weighted one-level density of low-lying zeros of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions (Q2164879)

Let \(\phi\) be a test function whose fourier transform \(\hat{\phi}\) has compact support, and let \(\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q\), this being the set of non-principal characters modulo a given prime \(q\). We then write \[ D(\chi,\phi)=\sum_{\gamma}\phi\left(\frac{\log q}{2\pi}\gamma\right), \] where \(\tfrac12+i\gamma\) runs over the zeros of \(L(s,\chi)\), counted according to multiplicity. The standard 1-level density is then given by \[ \frac{1}{q-1}\sum_{\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q}D(\chi,\phi), \] and it was shown by \textit{C. P. Hughes} and \textit{Z. Rudnick} [Q. J. Math. 54, No. 3, 309--333 (2003; Zbl 1068.11055)] that this is \[ \int_{-\infty}^\infty\phi(x)W_U(x)dx+O((\log q)^{-1}), \] with \(W_U(x)=1\) for all \(x\), provided that \(\hat{\phi}\) is supported in \([-2,2]\). (The notation \(W_U\) reminds us that this corresponds to the symmetry type being unitary.) The present paper looks at the weighted 1-level density \[ \frac{1}{\sum_{\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q}|L(s,\chi)|^2} \sum_{\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q}|L(s,\chi)|^2D(\chi,\phi), \] for fixed \(s\). It is then shown that for \(\tfrac12<s<1\) this is again \[ \int_{-\infty}^\infty\phi(x)W_U(x)dx+O_s((\log q)^{-1}), \] provided now that \(\mathrm{supp}(\hat{\phi})\subset[-2s/3,2s/3]\). However when \(s=\tfrac12\) there is a change in behaviour, and it is shown that \[ \frac{1}{\sum_{\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q}|L(\tfrac12,\chi)|^2} \sum_{\chi\in\mathcal{F}_q}|L(\tfrac12,\chi)|^2D(\chi,\phi)= \int_{-\infty}^\infty\phi(x)W^1_U(x)dx+O((\log q)^{-1}), \] for \(\mathrm{supp}(\hat{\phi})\subset[-1/3,1/3]\), where \[ W_U^1(x)=1-\frac{\sin^2(\pi x)}{(\pi x)^2}. \]