On a solvable system of \(p\) difference equations of higher order (Q2166157)

This paper is devoted to the study of the following difference equation \[ x_{n+1}^{(j)}= \frac{x_{n-k}^{(j+1) \quad (\text{mod }p)}}{a+bx_{n-k}^{(j+1) \quad (\text{mod} p)}} \qquad \left(n, k, p \in \mathbb{N}_{0}, j= 1\, \ldots, p\right), \] where the parameters \(a, b\) are nonzero real numbers and the initial values \(x_{-k}^{(j)}, x_{-k+1}^{(j)}, \ldots, x_{-1}^{(j)}, x_{0}^{(j)}\) differ from \(-\dfrac{a}{b}\) for all \(j=1, \ldots, p\). \par More precisely, after some introduction and summary of the known and used results, the authors focus on the following system \[ x_{n+1}^{(1)}= \dfrac{x_{n-k}^{(2)}}{a+bx_{n-k}^{(2)}}\] \[ x_{n+1}^{(2)}= \dfrac{x_{n-k}^{(3)}}{a+bx_{n-k}^{(3)}}\] \[\ldots\] \[ x_{n+1}^{(p)}= \dfrac{x_{n-k}^{(1)}}{a+bx_{n-k}^{(1)}}. \] The main results of this section are Theorems 3.3 and 3.6, in which the authors study the solvability of this system. After that, in the next section, the general solution if represented in Corollary 4.1. Finally, in the last section the authors study the stability of the above system. Since \(a>1\), it follows rather easily that the above system has a unique real equilibrium point \(M=(0, \ldots, 0)\). In Theorem 5.1 it is proved that this unique state of equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Using this, the authors are able to prove a stronger result. Namely, in Corollary 5.2 they show that the state of equilibrium \(M\) is not only locally, but also globally asymptotically stable. The last section of the paper contains some numerical examples.