On Weierstrass mock modular forms and a dimension formula for certain vertex operator algebras (Q2223500)

A dimension formula concerning weight spaces of a holomorphic strongly rational vertex operator algebra (VOA) with central charge \(24\) and its twisted modules was developed by \textit{J. van Ekeren} et al. [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2020, No. 7, 2145--2204 (2020; Zbl 1477.17088)]. The useful formula was established for twisted modules of an automorphisms with certain order, and in particular, an order \(N\) which essentially allowed for the character of the fixed-point subVOA to be written in terms of the Hauptmodul for the group \(\Gamma_0(N)\). The paper under review considers the cases of other finite-order automorphisms that correspond to levels \(N\) where there is no Hauptmodul, but where the modular curve \(X_0(N)\) has genus \(1\). In this case, the authors essentially express the character of the fixed-point subVOA in terms of Weierstrass mock modular forms, a Fricke involution, and Hecke operators. The resulting dimension formula found in Theorem 1.1 includes a constant \(C_E\) that contains the term \(\widehat{\zeta}(\Lambda_E ;L(E,1))\), where \(E\) is an elliptic curve of conductor \(N\) isomorphic to the torus \(\mathbb{C}/\Lambda_E\) for a full lattice \(\Lambda_E\subset \mathbb{C}\), and \(\widehat{\zeta}(\Lambda_E ;z)\) is the associated completed Weierstrass zeta function. While a more general dimension VOA dimension formula independent of the order of the automorphism has since been obtained by \textit{S. Möller} and \textit{N. R. Scheithauer} in [``Dimension formulae and generalised deep holes of the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1910.04947}], the paper under review utilizes its own results to provide criteria for when the value \(\widehat{\zeta}(\Lambda_E ;L(E,1))\) is rational (see Corollary 1.2 for details). In addition to the developments described above, a dimension formula for automorphisms of prime order is also obtained in Theorem 1.3 utilizing the so-called Bruinier-Funke pairing and incorporating newforms. The core results of the paper rely of the authors expressing a harmonic Maaßform of weight \(0\) for \(\Gamma_0(N)\) as a linear combination of images of the completed Weierstrass mock modular form associated with the \(\Gamma_0(N)\)-optimal elliptic curve \(E\). More explanation on this is found in Theorem 1.4 and in Sections 2.3 and 2.4. The proofs of all results are found in Section 3.