The spectral expansion for a nonself-adjoint Hill operator with a locally integrable potential (Q5957139)

It is wellknown that the spectral theory of operators \(L=\frac{d^2}{dx^2} +q(x)\) with a complex 1-periodic potential can be reduced to the study of operators \(L_t = L|[0,1]\), which are defined by the \(t\)-periodic boundary conditions \(y(1) =e^{it} y(0)\) and \(y'(1) =e^{it} y'(0)\). For the spectral expansion, the authors determine first the asymptotics of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the operators \(L_t\), \(t\neq 0\), \(\pi\). Their key result is the estimate \[ \psi_{n,t} (x) =\exp i(2\pi n+t) x+O \left( \frac 1n \right) \] on the eigenfunctions. This is used to show that \(\psi =\psi_{n,t}^0\) and the associated functions \(\psi_{n,t}^k = (L_t -\lambda_n) \psi_{n,t}^{k-1}\) form a Riesz basis of \(L^2[0,1]\) by constructing a biorthonormal system with eigenfunctions of \(L_{\overline{t}}\). Using this result, a spectral representation of functions with compact support can be derived.