A characteristic factor for the 3-term IP Roth theorem in \(\mathbb{Z}_3^\mathbb{N}\) (Q405279)

Summary: Let \(\Omega = \bigoplus_{i=1}^\infty \mathbb{Z}_3\) and \(e_i = (0, \dots, 0 , 1, 0, \dots)\) where the \(1\) occurs in the \(i\)-th coordinate. Let \(\mathcal{F}=\{ \alpha \subset \mathbb{N} : \emptyset \neq \alpha, \alpha \text{ is finite} \}\). There is a natural inclusion of \(\mathcal{F}\) into \(\Omega\) where \(\alpha \in \mathcal{F}\) is mapped to \(e_\alpha = \sum_{i \in \alpha} e_i\). We give a new proof that if \(E \subset \Omega\) with \(d^*(E) 0\) then there exist \(\omega \in \Omega\) and \(\alpha \in \mathcal{F}\) such that \[ \{\omega, \omega+ e_{\alpha}, \omega + 2 e_{\alpha}\} \subset E. \] Our proof establishes that for the ergodic reformulation of the problem there is a characteristic factor that is a one step compact extension of the Kronecker factor.