Isolated singularities of some semilinear elliptic equations (Q800561)

The paper studies the existence and behavior of isolated singularities of solutions of the equation (1) \(-\Delta u(x)+g(u(x))=f(x)\) in a domain \(\Omega\subset R^ n\), \(n\geq 3\); g is a nondecreasing real function and \(f\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)\). Let 0\(\in\Omega \) and let us consider solutions \(u\in C^ 1({\bar\Omega }-\{0\})\) of (1) in the sense of \({\mathcal D}'(\Omega -\{0\}).\) We say that u has a removable singularity at 0 if \(u,g(u)\in L^ 1(\Omega)\) and (1) is satisfied in \({\mathcal D}'(\Omega)\), a weak singularity if \(u(x)| x|^{n-2}\to c,\) with \(c\in {\mathbb{R}}-\{0\}\). If \(c=\infty\) or -\(\infty\) the singularity is strong. We prove the following results: i) If \(u(x)=o(| x|^{1-n})\) then either u has a removable singularity or it has a weak singularity, and this condition always holds if e.g. \(| g(s)| | s|^{- (n+1)/(n-1)}\to\infty \) as \(| s|\to \infty\). ii) The equation admits solutions with a positive [resp. negative] weak singularity if and only if \[ \int^{\infty}_{1}| g(s)| | s|^{-2(n- 1)/(n-2)}ds=\infty\quad [resp.\quad\int^{-\infty}_{-1}...=-\infty] \] iii) we find g's for which there are solutions with a strong singularity but no solution with a weak one. This a phenomenon that never happens for powers, \(g(s)=c| s|^{p-1}s.\) iv) We improve the condition for removability of singularities set by Brézis-Véron in the case of g a power at \(P=n/(n-2)\). We prove that every singularity is removable if for \(| s|\gg 0\) \[ | g(s)|\geq c| s|^{n/(n-s)}(\log | s|)^{-1}...(\log^{(k)}| s|)^{-1} \] for a \(k\geq 0\).