On staggering techniques and the non-staggered Z-grid scheme (Q907046)

In this paper, the author presents a momentum based numerical scheme that is equivalent to the Z-grid scheme for linearized shallow water equations. The novelty of this work is the finding that the linearized shallow water equations can be evolved with only the thickness field, and the normal and tangential velocity fields derived from the vorticity-divergence system. Utilizing the equivalence between the discrete velocity fields and the staggered/non-staggered vorticity-divergence fields, vorticity-divergence formulations are derived for various existing numerical schemes. The strengths and weakness of these schemes are discussed from the perspectives of their new formulations.